Technical Articles.
TCP/IP Data Format: From Ethernet Frame to TCP Segment
A practical walkthrough of Ethernet frames, IPv4 packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, ports, byte order, checksums, MTU, and packet debugging.
FreeRTOS on STM32 and ESP32: Practical Comparison
A practical comparison of how FreeRTOS is used on STM32 and ESP32, including tooling, scheduling, interrupts, memory, debugging, and project fit.
Modbus TCP and RTU: Registers and Core Concepts
A practical guide to Modbus TCP, Modbus RTU, coils, discrete inputs, input registers, holding registers, addressing, scaling, and function codes.
Designing PID Controllers Using the Nyquist Plot
A practical frequency-domain method for choosing PI, PD, or PID parameters from a desired open-loop point in the complex plane.
CAN Bus Basics to Advanced
From frame layout and arbitration to practical debugging, filtering, timing, and field reliability.
Object Dictionary
Understanding the Object Dictionary, SDOs, and PDOs in industrial automation systems.
Understanding CPU Architectures in Embedded Systems
A practical introduction to ARM, x86, and RISC-V, and why CPU architecture matters in STM32-based development.